Main Article Content
Abstract
This study was motivated by the low level of two-way communication skills among children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), particularly in the aspects of eye contact, responsiveness, and turn-taking during conversations. The study aimed to describe two-way communication skills before intervention, analyze the implementation of flip chart media, and determine its effectiveness in improving two-way communication skills. A Single Subject Research (SSR) approach with an A–B–A design consisting of baseline-1, intervention, and baseline-2 phases was employed. The participant was a first-grade child with Autism Spectrum Disorder at SLB Negeri Sidomulyo. Data were collected through observation and performance tests and analyzed using visual analysis within and across conditions. The results showed that communication skills in the baseline-1 phase were at a moderate level (44.4%–50%), increased to a high level during the intervention phase (66.6%–83.3%), and remained at a high level during the baseline-2 phase (77.7%–83.3%). The findings indicate that flip chart media can be used as an alternative visual learning medium to improve two-way communication skills in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and serve as a reference for special education practitioners.
Keywords
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
- Abayeva, G. A., Akhmetzyanova, A. I., Bayanova, L. F., Aitbayeva, S. K., & Uaidullakyzy, A. N. (2024). The ways of communication for children with autism spectrum disorder. Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies, 14(4), e202462. https://doi.org/10.30935/ojcmt/15611
- American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., text rev.; DSM-5-TR). American Psychiatric Publishing.
- Bateman, K. J., Wilson, S. E., Gauvreau, A., Matthews, K., Gucwa, M., Therrien, W., Nevill, R., & Mazurek, M. O. (2023). Visual supports to increase conversation engagement for preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder during mealtimes: An initial investigation. Journal of Early Intervention, 45(2), 163–184. https://doi.org/10.1177/10538151221111762
- Erlani, L., Bachtiar, I. G., & Taboer, A. (2022). Pengembangan sistem komunikasi augmentatif dan alternatif pada notasi dalam pembelajaran musik anak autis. Jurnal Pendidikan Khusus, 18(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.21831/jpk.v18i1.49444
- Indri, I., Mar'at, S., & Agustina. (2023). Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) untuk meningkatkan komunikasi fungsional dalam melakukan request pada anak autis nonverbal. Jurnal Muara Ilmu Sosial, Humaniora, dan Seni, 7(3), 623–633. https://doi.org/10.24912/jmishumsen.v7i3.2877.2023
- Knight, V., Sartini, E., & Spriggs, A. D. (2015). Evaluating visual activity schedules as evidence-based practice for individuals with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45(1), 157–178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2201-z
- Kwok, E. Y. L., Brown, H. M., Smyth, R. E., & Oram Cardy, J. (2015). Meta-analysis of receptive and expressive language skills in autism spectrum disorder. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 9, 202–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2014.10.008
- Logan, K., Iacono, T., & Trembath, D. (2024). Aided enhanced milieu teaching to develop symbolic and social communication skills in children with autism spectrum disorder. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 40(2), 125–139. https://doi.org/10.1080/07434618.2023.2263558
- Loukusa, S., Mäkinen, L., Kuusikko-Gauffin, S., Ebeling, H., & Leinonen, E. (2018). Assessing social-pragmatic inferencing skills in children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Communication Disorders, 73, 91–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2018.01.006
- Norbury, C. F., Gooch, D., Wray, C., Baird, G., Charman, T., Simonoff, E., Pickles, A., & The Baird G. Team. (2017). The impact of nonverbal ability on prevalence and clinical presentation of language disorder: Evidence from a population study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58(11), 1247–1257. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12773
- Soesanto, E., & Yudiarso, A. (2022). Intervensi berbasis musik untuk meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi anak dengan gangguan spektrum autisme: Studi meta-analisis. Jurnal Pendidikan Khusus, 18(2), 133–145. https://doi.org/10.21831/jpk.v18i2.42442
- Sukriananda, R. R., & Mangunsong, F. M. (2023). Intervensi Picture Exchange Communication System untuk meningkatkan komunikasi anak dengan Autism Spectrum Disorder non-verbal. Jurnal Pendidikan Khusus, 19(2), 146–158. https://doi.org/10.21831/jpk.v19i2.65112